CVM – Complex Vertebral Malformation

Complex vertebral malformation is an inherited disorder leading to embryonic death and frequent miscarriage. Calves exhibit defects in numerous anatomical deformities, including vertebrae, abnormal rib joints and spinal column. Complex vertebral malformation is a genetic defect found in Holstein-Friesian and Montbeliarde cattle.

The genetic disorder CVM is associated with a defective SLC35A3 gene on chromosome 3 (BTA3). It leads to the formation of a different amino acid within bases in the nucleotide chain. The consequence of abnormal coding is the formation of a transport protein with a variable structure. It takes an active part in the synthesis of nucleotides necessary for normal embryonic function and development.

CVM is an autosomal recessive mutation. This means that only individuals with two mutant alleles of this gene exhibit symptoms of the disorder. Carriers with a single altered allele do not show symptoms of the disease however, they may pass the mutation to their offspring.

REFERENCES #

1. Grzybowski G. (2003). Zespół zniekształceń kręgosłupa: jego konsekwencje w hodowli bydła. Medycyna Weterynaryjna 59, 107-111.
   
2. Ruść A. & Kamiński S. (2007). Prevalence of complex vertebral malformation carriers among Polish Holstein-Friesian bulls. J Appl Genet. 48(3):247-52.